Today’s world heritage practices have come a long way since their heady days of Orientalist fetishization and imperialistic supremacy, becoming more sensitive to both material and immaterial cultures as well as differences in societal structures. Still, there remains much contestation with regards to what constitutes world heritage and the benefits that can come from such designations. As the procedures for selection evolve and struggle to place local practices into universal frameworks, proponents of conservation will also have to come to terms with how heritage can have negative impacts on communities. UNESCO sites such as Erbil, Hampi and Wutaishan, for example, have all experienced mass displacement as a result of government-led campaigns to convert ancient settlements into tourist destinations. – 从东方主义拜物教和帝国主义至上的时代开始，今天的世界遗产实践已经走过了漫长的道路，对物质和非物质文化以及社会结构的差异更加敏感。尽管如此，关于世界遗产的构成和来自这些命名的好处，仍然存在很多争议。随着选择程序的发展和努力将地方实践纳入到普遍的框架中，保护的拥护者也将不得不考虑遗产如何对社区产生负面影响。例如，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）的埃尔比勒（Erbil）、汉皮（Hampi）和五台山（Wutai.）等遗址都经历了大规模的流离失所，这是政府领导的、将古代聚落转变为旅游目的地的运动的结果。